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Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lifshitz ((ロシア語:Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Ли́фшиц); July 23, 1905, Melitopol, Tavria (Crimea) – September 28, 1983, Moscow) was an influential Soviet Marxian literary critic and philosopher of art who had a long and controversial career in the former Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he strongly influenced Marxist views on aesthetics while being a close associate of György Lukács. He also published important compilations of early Marxist literature on the role of art. In 1975, he was elected as a full member of the USSR Academy of Arts. ==Biography== Born on July 23, 1905 in Melitopol, a Crimean city then part of Imperial Russia, Lifshitz began higher education as an art student at the Vkhutemas ("Higher Art and Technical Studios") in Moscow in the early 1920s, which was then the hotbed of Modernism. He ended his studies there in 1925 because he disagreed with his modernist oriented instructors. Instead, he was offered a teaching position there; his job was to teach Marxist philosophy to artists.〔Based on Russian Wikipedia article〕 He pursued an analysis of aesthetics from a fundamentally Marxist perspective. His ideas became controversial at Vkhutemas, so he had to leave in 1930. He was offered a job instead at the Moscow's Marx-Engels Institute, where he developed a working relationship with the great Marxist philosopher György Lukács. Lukacs, himself, admitted that he was influenced by Lifshitz' views on Marxist aesthetics. Starting in 1933, he edited an influential Moscow magazine "The Literary Critic" (''Literaturny Kritik''),〔Gutov D., (''Learn, learn and learn''. ) In: Make Everything New - A Project on Communism. Edited by Grant Watson, Gerrie van Noord & Gavin Everall. Published by Book Works and Project Arts Centre, Dublin, 2006 PP. 24-37.〕 that was also followed by Marxist art theoreticians around the world through various translations published by Soviet government. Among the important contributors was writer Andrei Platonov, one of the most intriguing writers of fiction of the Soviet period, who is often referred to as the Soviet Kafka, as well as György Lukács. By 1937, Lifshitz' productivity had decreased significantly; he produced almost no published work in the repressive climate of the most intense years of Stalinism.〔Gutov, Dmitriy. "Михаил Александрович Лифшиц" ("Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lifshitz"). 2003. ''Biographies''. ''Sovietika.ru''. Retrieved 25 Apr. 2009. http://www.sovetika.ru/bio/lifsh.htm 〕 Yet his magazine "The Literary Critic" continued publication until late 1940, when it was finally closed. Following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union Lifshitz entered the Second World War as a Red Army volunteer.〔 Early on, he saw some serious combat. His unit was surrounded by the German army, and he had to escape back through the front lines. Later on, he worked as a journalist in military publications. He received awards for his service. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mikhail Lifshitz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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